External influences Essay Example for Free

External influences EssayThree ways in which an increase in unemployment might affect Hacker PLC are Organisation, Payments, and Government spending.Organisation Unemployment bottom have a number of effect on the internal organisation of a pipeline. It whitethorn mean that the firm can no longer render to recruit parvenu members of staff because of low motivation for its products. New, lots young, recruits to a firm will no longer be coming through. In addition, new posts which arise may be filled through retraining of existing staff rather than recruitment. This can lead to significant changes in the age pen of an organisations employees.Redundancies are also a common feature of a period of high unemployment. Whilst the work of some who are made redundant will non be replaced, the responsibilities and roles of others may be added to the job description of those who remain within the firm. This can lead to increasing demands on existing employees.During periods of high unemployment, some firms vex their internal structure. This may mean the loss of a whole tier in the hierarchy or the changing of individuals job description.Payments Businesses may be face with making redundancy payments to workers. These tend to vary between firms depending upon the average length of service of the employee.The cost of reorganisation caused by redundancies will also have to be borne by firms. Such costs may include lost productivity after a reorganisation as employees struggle to cope with new responsibilities.It may be easier for firms to recruit new employees during a period of high unemployment. This is because there is a large pool of people to choose from, with more applicants for each obtainable post. In addition, because of the increased competition for new jobs, people may be prepared to work for less money. In this way firms can lower their ride costs.Government spending High levels of unemployment mean that political relation spending on social s ecurity will be high.Also, the government will lose gross from tax and National insurance contributions which people would have paid had they been in employment. To male up for this the government may borrow, increase taxation or garnish other items of spending.8.Structural unemployment can offer UK businesses the opportunities of new methods of productions and competition from overseas. The business benefits from the changing of pattern of demands because this means that because the business may make use of ultramodern technology/machinery, there will be less human intervene required. This is a benefit has the business is reducing its labour costs and total costs. This is a benefit because although this means that redundancy will be made and high labour turn over will be made, at least the business will be able to keep the money spent on labour and enjoy greater profits.Secondly, the business may be gain an prospect from this because an encouragement can be made to foreign produ cers to establish their businesses in UK. This will benefit the firm because it means the firm can negotiate with the government to receive grants and support with the establishment of the business, as the firm can provide employment to people and possibly to those people as well with skills not demand by domestic businesses.15.The likely implications for the government trying to reduce the unemployment are that in Cyclical employment the business may suffer from the falling sales. In the short term, the businesses may be able to add any surplus production to stocks. Alternatively, businesses may seek new market, perhaps overseas.However, not all businesses may suffer from the changes in unemployment, whilst suppliers of luxury products could suffer substantial reduction in sales.Secondly, in structural unemployment the effects on the businesses can be severe because its often highly localised and very persistent.If there is need to a reduce output, then rationalisation and redunda ncy might follow and factories and offices may be closed. look for and development plans may be abandoned or postponed as firms seek to reduce their costs to match their reduced revenues. The predicted fall in the level of demand may encourage the firms to diversify.

Wemmick - Character Analysis Essay Example for Free

Wemmick Character Analysis EssayIn an abstract manner Doyle uses Watson to represent the subscriber in terms of resemblance of attributes for instance both the reader and Watson are both ignorant of many important intricacies of the case so that they both affirm on Holmes to decipher the details for them. Also it could be suggested that both Watson and the reference are trying to escape a much more tedious liveness and indulge in the exhilarating escapades of Sherlock Holmes.Furthermore the questions that Holmes asks Watson as well probe the reader to answer the question for themselves this is major attraction to this genre, the sense that they are solving a plague. This teamed with the fact that a puritanical audience would be able to relate even more specifically, on diametrical levels, with Watson due to the relevance of him creation a prim gentleman of which the readers would have been familiar with. Watson is particularly descriptive which gives the reader a re al sense of the location and atmosphere.The vocabulary is also singularity of Watson with the many words being adjectives repeated from story to story. An illustration of this point is the word ejaculated to describe the abrupt vocalizations of someone this all gives a sense of familiarity with the stories and also a rapport with Watsons character. This sense of security that familiarity brought was badly needed by a Victorian audience who were unsure of their safety due to the lacklustre crime prevention of the police force.Unlike the Victorian police Sherlock Holmes always captured the criminal which was exceptionally reassuring at the time. Holmes and Watson are two very different characters with one common goal, to apprehend the guilty party in whatever mystery they are both entangled in. This contrast in character serves again to glorify Holmes as a gifted detective, this works in the way that Watson is a rather passive character or Holmes foil if you will, which leads most o f the legal proceeding to be conducted by Holmes which shows in a positively intellectual light.The contrast in the logical awareness of Watson and Holmes leaves Holmes appearing almost omniscient compared to the usually uninformed Watson. This technique is also used with the numerous police inspectors Holmes employs to do his bidding, each time they look the fool whilst Holmes seizes the acclaim. This is technique used by Doyle to idolise Holmes to the reader. The row used throughout the Sherlock Holmes stories is intensely descriptive as to quench the readers thirst for all the aspects that could have effected the mystery incurring.In historical circumstance this ultra-descriptive style of writing was a more necessary feature in a pre-television era, however in the twenty-first century a readers desire for a detailed picture of other human tone is fulfilled by other more advanced forms of media. This is perhaps why, in my experience, readers of the present time consummation are not exhilarated by the, at the time innovative, detailed style of writing. Watson is very much used as tool by Doyle, in all the ways suggested throughout this essay but also in a different, more political manner.In the Holmes stories Watson conveys the generalised views of an upper class federation at the time. The ideals concerned included a negative look upon drugs and an opinion that they are used, or abused, by the subordinate social groups. Watsons, or Doyles, views are divided up in this quote You should be ashamed of yourself This is Watson taking a stern view upon one of his own noble friends indulging in a friction match days in an opium den. Watson is also especially respectable of all women throughout the stories, chivalry being an exceptionally valued commodity in Victorian times.Watson, or better still Doyle, is a voice of the Victorian era, which is why the stories were so popular at the time. Further still Watson gives a social commentary of Victorian London w hich, as you can imagine, would be most evoke to not only Victorian Londoners but also Victorians that lived in other areas but were inquisitive of the cosmopolitan lifestyle of London. Watson teamed with Holmes gives them this along with a descriptive and arguably a thrilling story.In conclusion my belief is that, yes, Watson is a better suited storyteller for a Victorian audience rather than a modern audience, this being because of the chronologically social relevance that would supply greater interest for a Victorian reader. However disagreement is found with the statement that Watson is an inadequate narrator for twenty-first century reader as the stories still raise a lot of interesting issues and remain a thrilling read due to the exciting adventures Holmes embarks upon.An objection modern readers have is that the stories are formulaic and therefore tiresome however for the Victorian audience this was an essential feature to bring a sense of security into their generally unc ertain lives. There is no doubt that the Sherlock Holmes stories are pen for a Victorian audience however this does not exclude modern readers from finding the same overall enjoyment from the stories. The fact is that certain features may not be relevant to a modern readers interests or experiences in a modern life.A plus point is that because of the impression made, upon the stories, by Victorian life that Sherlock Holmes is a useful research tool for that time period. Additionally it is not a question of Watson being unsuitable for a modern audience but instead it is an issue of the crime stories themselves being relevant and therefore enjoyable for a modern audience. Show poke only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

The Very Concept Or Idea Of God Philosophy Essay

The Very Concept Or Idea Of idol Philosophy Essayontological lineages attempt to show that the very concept or sentiment of immortal implies his reality that is, that ones being able to clearly conceive of theology somehow implies that graven image actu all(prenominal)(a)y constitutes. The ontological argument is a priori. This cockeyeds that the argument does non rely on the evidence of the sense, or the world around us, for either its exposit or its conclusion, but rather it moves by stages of logical argument to a conclusion which is self-evidently true or logically necessary. The argument is both deductive and analytic. This means that the premises of the argument contain the conclusion it reaches and the argument is structured in such a way as to make the conclusion the only if workable one that can be deduced from its premises. Because it is analytic it is true by rendering alone.The ontological argument was first mental strainulated by el pull downth snow Archbi shop of Canterbury, St. Anselm. Anselms original fluctuation of the argument is developed in his Proslogion in the course of some reflections on the fool who hath said in his heart, There is no God. Anselm reasons that even to deny Gods cosmea, the fool must understand the idea of God, who must exist as an idea in the understanding of the fool. Anselm suggests that the idea of God is the greatest likely being, a being than which nothing greater can be conceived. Anselm claims that it is greater to exist in reality than merely to exist in the understanding. Since God is by definition the greatest possible being, it is impossible for God to only exist in the mind (the understanding). For if God only existed in the mind and not in reality, the God would not be the greatest possible being. Anselms argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because he was the first scholar to formulate the ontological argument which other philosophers, including modern scholars, use as the basis of their developments to the ontological argument.Five hundred years after Anselm, the French philosopher Rene Descartes reformulated the ontological deduction, in footing of the concept of necessary existence. Descartes realised that doubting all of his knowledge proved his existence I think, thereof I am. Similar to Anselm, Descartes defined God as an infinitely entire being superior to all beings in perfection. He argued that because we exist and in our minds, consent the concept of a perfect being and as an imperfect being, we could not have conjured up the concept of a perfect being. The concept of a perfect being must therefore have originated from the perfect being itself and a perfect being must exist in order to be perfect, therefore a perfect being exists. Descartes applied his argument for a perfect being to the existence of God. He argued that God is the idea of a supremely perfect being. A supremely perfect being has all perfections. Existence is a perfec tion. A supremely perfect being has the perfection of existence. It is impossible to think of God as not existing, therefore, God exists. Descartes maintained existence breaked analytically to God in the same way that three angles are analytically predicated of a triangle, or little convincingly, as a valley is a necessary predicate of a mountain.Norman Malcolm proposed another form of the ontological argument in support of necessary existence. Malcolm argued if God exists, his existence is necessary if God does not exist, his existence is impossible. Either God exists or he does not exist. Therefore Gods existence is either necessary or impossible. Gods existence is possible (not impossible), therefore Gods existence is necessary. Malcolms argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because it is a development of both Anselms and Descartes arguments and logically proves the necessary existence of God.Alvin Plantinga formulated his own, contemporary version of the on tological argument. Plantainga suggested that since we are able to imagine any number of alternative worlds in which things may be quite different, for example a world in which John F Kennedy decided not to become a politician and been an estate agent instead. There must be any number of possible worlds, including our own. However, if Gods existence is necessary, he must exist in them all and have all the characteristics of God in them all. This is because, Plantinga argued, God is both maximally great and maximally excellent. He proposed that there exists a world in which there is a being of maximal greatness, and a being of maximal excellence is omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent in all worlds. Plantingas argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because it succeeds in showing that God is possible in all possible worlds.b) in spite of the ontological argument seeming to be a strong, convincing argument for proof for the existence of God, it comes under heavy scrutiny from its weaknesses.Anselms argument was refuted in his own spirit by Gaunilo, who demonstrated that if the logic of the argument were applied to things other than God, it led to invalid conclusions. Gaunilo replaced the word God with the greatest island which led to his argument which had the same form as Anselms, with true premises, and yet, which leads to a false conclusion. Gaunilo argued I can conceive of an island that than which no greater island can be thought. Such an island must possess all perfections. Existence is a perfection, therefore, the island exists. Gaunilos argument shows that just because we can think of the greatest possible thing or being in our mind it does not mean that it exists in reality. However this is a weak criticism of the ontological argument and the strengths are more convincing because Gaunilo is applying the argument to a contingent object, where as God is a necessary being according to Anselm. An island may or may not exist. Furtherm ore, there is no logical point at which we might evenhandedly say that we have reached intrinsic perfection in an island or other islands, or other contingent things, is surely subjective I cannot possibly procure that my perfect island is the same as yours. Therefore the strengths of the ontological argument are much more convincing than Gaunilos criticism because it shows that the argument works when applied to a necessary being, where as Gaunilo applied it to a contingent item, which is not the same thing.Fundamental to Anselms and Descartes form of the ontological argument is that existence is a predicate an refer or quality that can be possessed or lacked, such as size, shape, colour, temperature, personality, intelligence or traits. These may or may not belong to a being or thing, and their presence or absence is part of our understanding and apprehension of it. However Kant observed that existence is not associated with the definition of something, since it does not add to our understanding of that thing. We must establish the existence of something before we can say what it is like. We cannot ascribe existence a priori to our definition of a perfect being. Kant argues it would be self contradictory to posit a triangle and yet reject its three angles, but there is no contradiction in rejecting the triangle in concert with its three angles. Kants criticism of the ontological argument is very strong and causes the ontological argument to be weak and not convincing because Anselm and Descartes used existence as a predicate in their arguments and consequently they were wrong to do so because existence is not a quality because the idea of God, existence is contained within the definition of God. Kant also added that existence adds nothing to the concept of a thing or being. For example, one hundred pounds in the imagination was not made greater in number or nature by existing in reality. However this argument fails to weaken the ontological argument bec ause arguably one hundred pounds in reality is more useful than one hundred pounds in the mind. In the same way God who only exists in the mind can have no real effect on the lives of believers where as God who exists in reality can intervene in peoples lives and make a real difference. Despite this, Kants argument is still a strong criticism and causes the ontological argument to not be a convincing argument because you can reject the idea of God and easily thin of a being that does not exist.David Hume also criticised the ontological argument. He believed that the ontological argument makes a false assumption to the highest degree existence that necessary existence was a coherent concept. Hume argued that existence could only ever be contingent and that all statements about existence could be denied without contradiction. on the whole things which could be said to exist could also be said not to exist. Hume said However much our concept of an object may contain, we must go outs ide of it to determine whether or not it exists. We cannot define something into existence even if it has all the perfections we can imagine. Humes criticism is similar to Kants and makes the ontological argument a less convincing argument because it is not possible to move from the necessary of a proposition to the necessity of a God.In conclusion the ontological argument is a sanely convincing argument despite its various criticisms. The ontological argument cannot be disproved but it also cannot be proved, yet it remains a fairly strong and convincing argument for the existence of God. It is the strongest argument for the theist but it can be argued that it cannot be a strong argument or proof for the existence of God because there is no empirical evidence to prove its claims. However, I believe that it remains a fairly convincing argument because if God is the greatest being, by definition, God must be a necessary being, and in order to be the great being conceivable, God must exist in reality.

Heinz Kohuts Theories and Practice

Heinz Kohuts Theories and PracticeHeinz Kohut The Man and His WorkAlthough not as well know as his contemporary Sigmund Freud, Heinz Kohut is equall(a)y famous among his peers for his exploration of narcism and the lymph glands need for empathy and infrastanding from his or her healer. The aim of this paper is to describe the supposition and cause of Heinz Kohut and his influence over the authors practice, both describing the psychological mechanisms that drove Kohut to this line of thinking a persistent with brief vignettes of the authors take psychobiography that led her to include some of his theory into her engage with clients.Usually, far more is known about a psychoanalysts work than about his living or persona. Scholars have found it useful to examine the manner of a theorist to gain insight into how he may have come to the conclusions he had, especially as there is currently no grand unified theory of therapy. In one of Kohuts biographies, Siegel (1996) set forth him as a locomote contradiction that has more than a healthy dose of self-love.Kohut seemed a strange mixture of aloof, aristocratic and almost puritanical austerity in a cordially responsive and considerate person. He was a very private person and was c atomic number 18ful how he let himself appear in public. I never truism him sloppily dressed and I know that he corrected and edited his writings again and again sooner he was satisfied to release them for publication. He was properly discreet about his health and few of his friends knew that during the last decade of his life he was suffering from a chronic leukaemia in remission. Long before the contemporary popularity of exercise and jogging, Kohut ran, not jogged, his prescribed miles several clippings a week. He ate sparingly to maintain a trim figure.Another biographer described him as someone with a profound zest for life that often enraged people or hurt them badly with his intense narcissism (Strozier 2004, p. 12). pe rhaps he noticed these traits quite strongly in himself which is why he became fixated on creating a theory of development with narcissism at the core. As a perfectionist, he c arefully controlled how others would perceive himself as Siegel stated above. This fastidiousness may have stemmed from his personal history. As the child of two German Jews living under the sword of Damocles that was Adolf Hitler, and the German Imperium of the early twentieth century, the family had to assimilate as best as they possibly could into the society. Europe had long been hostile toward the Jewish Diaspora and conformity was a matter of life and death. Thus, there is a need to develop two selves the public self and the private self. concord to Stroziers biography, in addition to his court-ordered name, he also had a separate name to be used in spite of appearance the confines of his religious community (2004).His further study of the development of narcissism originated in the wholesale rejecti on of the academic community when he sought to begin his didactic analysis, in order to eventually become a psychoanalyst. The committee cited his narcissism as a bar to entry scarcely his biographer noted that there were several narcissistic psychoanalysts in the 1940s and suggested that his rejection may have been linked to his kind of unorthodox sexual practices (Strozier 2004).In the time that he flourished, he and a few of his contemporaries placed a strong emphasis on the brilliance of the therapists relationship with the client. First is the premise of non-defensiveness. The adoption of an open posture enables the clients to open up and speak freely without fear of being jilted or humiliated, even if the client should express reservations about the therapist herself (Kahn 1997). Although this is extremely concentrated to achieve in practice because therapists, like the general population, have touchy spots and strong value systems that they usually defend quite vigorous ly. However, once the therapist learns non-defensiveness, the client would feel comfortable speaking about any essence because she feels that her therapist would unconditionally support her. In early psychoanalysis, taking such a humanistic stance was seen as a bold move as psychoanalysts were careful to cultivate a detached, observational percentageensuring a noticeable emotional distance between therapist and patient. Especially obvious, was the notion of authoritythat because the therapist was the expert, his interpretation (as most psychoanalysts at the time were male) was unquestionably correct in the mind of the patient. Kohut fell into the trap himself until he finally stopped and listened to an especially difficult client. In his notes, he writesI was inclined to argue with the patient about the correctness of my interpretations and to suspect the presence of stubborn hidden resistancesFor a long time I insisted that the patients reproaches related to specific transference fantasies and wishes on the Oedipal levelShe became even more violently angry, and furiously accused me of undermining herandwrecking her analysis (Kohut qt. Kahn 1997, p. 89).As it moody out, those so-called resistances were his clients attempts to communicate the reality of her childhood and being constantly mis understood and ignored. This breakthrough could not have come until Kohut stopped go interpretations and started to truly hear where she was coming from. While this was one of his more important breakthroughs in the practice of modern therapy, his theory of on the development of the self had draw many admirers and critics, as he locations the development of narcissism with the growth of the self as one-and-the-same. However, a healthy sense of self-love is necessary to flourish, many psychologists and lay-people view narcissism as a pathological elevation of the self at the expense of others at worst, or at best a defence-mechanism against low-self esteem.On Self-Psyc hology tally to Kohut, the grandiose self is the childs second attempt to regain the lost blissful state by creating a sense of perfection within the self. In this effort, all imperfection is assigned to the world outside (Siegel 1996, p. 86). For a childs psyche, this is a survival mechanism as acknowledging imperfection or flaws within the self causes tremendous amount of psychic pain. This was especially true for one of my clients. Over time, we discovered that she could only feel worthy of respect by projecting this grandiose self-image of success and invincibilitynot because she necessarily believes she is superior to others, but because she fears rejection by her peers and contempt from her subordinates should people discover who she really was. According to Kohut, clinging to the grandiose self usually happens if a childs primary caretaker is not very empathic or the child has been exposed trauma at this time (Siegel 2006). Part of her therapy includes discovering who this se lf is. Because she had constructed several layers of false identity, she does not know who she is, as her self-concept was buried in shame, humiliation, and neglect. Most of the patients in the authors work have exhibited signs of an injured grandiose self, which necessitated a heavy emphasis on empathy and a mirror-transference over the course of treatment.Applying the Theory A Case larnFor the sake of privacy, no ones name would be released, so this paper will refer to the authors client as Nadia. She had been in therapy for several weeks because she had experienced a series of unfortunate events, which made her reflect further upon her life. Her relationships have unhealthy patterns where a suitor would appear to put her on a pedestal during the courtship phase and then when things became settled, she would break off the relationship in search of the next man that would make her feel as special. She has lapsed into a deep depression because her life had taken a course other than what she had envisioned her destiny would entail with respect to her career and acquiring certain status symbols (i.e. house and nice car). She withdrew from family and friends not able to face the humiliation that comes with lifes setbacks, partially because she would always speak of how wonderful her life was. Meeting her own expectations and those of her family had become a compulsion as it served to validate her existence and her superiority over others that were somewhat less driven.The authors role in the interaction is small, but significant. With patients such as Nadia, it is just necessary to listen and establish a sense of twinshipthat is, cultivate the feeling that she and I are very similar, having very similar expectations of life. Initially, those seeking therapy are searching for someone to validate them and human nature being what it is, they will not feel understood by someone that seems drastically different confiding in those that are most like themselves, but th is tendency is even more pronounced in the narcissist. The client must feel that it is all right to share her feelings because she is certain that they would be understood unconditionally. According to Kohut, in the mirror/alter-ego transference The patient experiences you as like himself his thoughts seem to be present in you also, and whats going on in him he feels is going on in you too. When he feels distant, you are distant from him too. When he is enraged, he feels you are enraged too (Kohut, Tolpin Topin, 1996, p. 34). Intriguingly enough, narcissism often provides the patient an unparalleled degree of connectedness as she views the other as an extension of herself and loves her because she loves herself. Conversely, she may hate her therapist because she may reflect back aspects of herself that she does not like. Sometimes, when the client no longer views the therapist as a mirror-object, but another person, the therapy sessions would end because she would no longer take an y narcissistic pleasure in understanding herself, however that separation may signal the beginning of deeper changes to come. According to Kohut, once the client becomes subconsciously aware that the therapist and client are two separate entities, she proceeds to narcissistic projectionwhere she projects aspects of herself unto the therapist (Kohut, Tolpin Tolpin 1996). The therapist then must work through the reasons why her client is sending forth those particular emotions and then encourage her to reflect upon her emotions and the events of the past that brought them out and caused the client to project those emotions onto her, whether those emotions are positive or negative.ReflectionsTo a small extent, the therapist must attempt to keep this interest in play as long as possible for significant change to occur. That does not necessarily mean that a client will be redressdin fact, a cure may not be desirable because narcissism is often necessary for life in the competitive, in dividualistic cultures of Western nations. This is not a rare practice for psychotherapists to control how they are perceived by their clients, as it is often necessary to project an image of competence as well as physical and cordial health in order to increase credibility with them. However, there is the danger of seeming intimidating and unapproachable because clients usually cannot relate to someone that seems perfectly careful and undisturbed by the world at all times. They need a mirror to reflect and validate a more empowered version of their self-images. This is where empathy becomes all the more significant in practice. The therapist must always maintain her image as a competent professional, but she should be able to work that she is capable of putting herself into anothers situation and then helping her clients from a position of strength.BiographyGreenberg, J.R. Mitchell, S.A. (1983), Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory, Cambridge, MA Harvard University PressKa hn, M. (1997), Between Therapist and Client The New Relationship. New York, NY Henry Holt Company, LLCKohut, H., Tolpin, P., Tolpin, M. (1996), Heinz Kohut The Chicago Institute Lectures, Hillsdale, NJ The Analytic PressSiegel, A.M. (1996), Heinz Kohut and the Psychology of the Self, London RoutledgeStrozier, C.B. (2004), Heinz Kohut The make of a Psychoanalyst, Chicago, IL Farrar, Straus Giroux, LLC

Analysis Of Story Of An Hour English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Story Of An Hour English Literature Es arrangeKate Chopin (1851-1904) did a story that gets into the readers mind and moods. Freedom is a pleasure that is extremely forbidden, and none should think about it in public. Despite its shortness, the storys every word has a truest sense of meaning and mashs a role in making it complete. The protagonist in this story is Mrs. Mallard or Louise who has a problem with her heart. Her husband, Brently Mallard, passes on, and the news permit to be delivered to her in one of the gentle some homosexualners due to her fragile heart (Berkove 152). Louises sister, Josephine and Richards, a friend of Brently, delivers the news. Both Richard and Josephine be unsure of how to break the news to Louise considering her fragile heart. Louise breaks down in sadness upon hearing the news and retreats into her bedroom to think of her newfound stilldom in privacy. She prays for a long life so that she tramp savor the fruits of being free only to be called by her Josephine. After acquiring out, Brently Mallard opens the door and gets in Louise screams upon seeing her husband and passes on due to the enormous joy of getting and loosing freedom (Jamil 220). This essay illustrates the causes the alienation that the Louise find outs during her married life.Louise feels alienated in her marriage. Her main source of alienation is culture-driven whereby women give in to the decision of man. In many marriages, the man is considered the head of the household. Their decision and action is ordinarily final thus, the muliebrity feels like the second party that is very dependent on man. This makes a woman feel like she is chained to the other party or the husband by religious vows or caller. The other source of alienation is religion especially Christianity. most religions often put the man at the head. If something good comes from a family, the man is appraised but, if it is bad, the woman is reprimanded. Religion somehow repres ses the freedom of a woman. A man can get out and engage in illicit behavior while the wife is at home being faithful and waiting. If she discovers, the woman is told to forgive but, if it is the woman who engaged in illicit behavior, the man could threaten demise, divorce or anything. This uneven ground is the source of estrangement for most women like Louise who are in marriage or fork outing to respect and uphold the institution of marriage.In this story, the perception of status greatly affects the behavior of Louise. Although she is estranged in her marriage, she cannot express herself in public. She has to pretend to be grief-stricken and has to retreat into privacy to think about her newfound freedom. Status is a thing that is created and imposed by society against the bequeath of man. Louise stays in her marriage because she fears how society will look at her. She cannot walk out on her marriage to be free because she innately considers society. She cannot say exclaim wit h joy upon receiving the news of her husbands death because this will be contrary to societys expectations. Josephine and Richard also try to do what society expects of them delivering the news in the softest manner potential (Berkove 153). As Brently walks in, Richard tries to shield Louise from seeing her husband in order to protect her fragile heart fro getting a heart attack. All these characters try chalk up live by the status that has been set by society and not by their own jurisdictions.In this story, Louise plays the role of wrong of freedom in marriage. Josephine and Richard play the role of society in the story. They deliver news and somehow check if Louise has received the information and reacted in accordance to how society states. The presence of Richard and Josephine is a archetype of society, and they force Louise to retreat into her bedroom to think about her newfound freedom. This implies that, to act against the expectation of society is a thing that can only b e through with(p) in private.The metaphor delicious breath of rain in the air, peddler paroleing his wares, clouds piled one above the other refer to the taste of independence that comes with the death of a spouse (Jamil 217). This is very common in the popular culture since according to the wedding vows it is till death does us part. This implies that Louise is freeRelationship problems in Louises marriage make her wish for the taste of freedom. It is obvious that, in marriage, there has to be compromise, and the looser is always the wife. Loss of freedom in marriage is what makes everything to go wrong. However, society and family are ever on pronging into the marriage to see that the people stay married. This is what makes many people estranged because almost everyone wants the marriage to work contrary to ain wish.Louise somehow celebrates the death of her husband. Most people especially family could label this as opting for the wrong path. Death is not something that people wish for and enjoying the freedom that comes with the death of a spouse is seen as very wrong in society. The enjoyment reflects relationship problems that were in the marriage before one spouse died. Josephine and Richard act as representations of society. They try to protect Louise from reality that her husband is alive which is wrong. I sympathize with Louise because of the path she has chosen. Although she celebrates her loss, she should know that life without companionship is empty and hard. At times, ever person postulate comfort, which is a tonic in the ever stressing life.Society and its representatives like religion and the institution of marriage is faulted in this story. Religion plays the role of keeper, and shapes values and norms. With the help of sozzled family and friends, marriages are coerced to stay even when they are failing as people bid their time and wait for the death of their partner. In this story, the irony is that the gain and loss of freedom cause too much joy until the protagonist, Louise dies.There is a conflict in what Richard and Josephine believe in. In real life, they think that Louise will be so saddened by the news and she may have a heart attack (Jamil 215). They fantasize the way she will weep, get into trauma at upon receiving the news. On the contrary, Louise finds happiness in the news. It is unreal that a woman will rejoice at the death of her husband and prays for a long life to enjoy her freedom. This fantasy does not happen in reality. If a spouse loose husband or wife, they are sad and life is never the same. It is also unreal that a man confirmed dead by two messages could be alive. This could be true but it has the least probability of occurring in real life. It is also unreal that the joy Louise has of seeing her husband is what causes her heart attack. Perhaps the sorrow (of being bound forever) sends her to the grave (Jamil 220).Nature and society makes women or girls to be victims. Their fate is usually dictated by society and nature. Everything in society seems to reinforce the weakness of women. They are bound to relationships, marriages that are strenuous just for the society to be satisfied. They have to go by what society wants or else they are ostracized. Education tries to free women but, men and society will always put them back in their get into where they have to give in to societal demands. This is represented by the fact that Louise thinks freely in privacy. She has to mourn upon receiving the news of her husbands death. In addition, she knows that she will have to cry upon seeing her husbands body so that society can sympathize with her loss.This story does not effectively show the way men become victims of society. However, when they fail to put up their women with a good life (flashy car, beautiful home, bright and healthy children, advance their career). Whenever they fail to go into these expectations, they are labeled as failures by society. Men who are divorced are labeled as failures. Both men and women fear failed marriages and people like Mallard try to enforce their will to make everything in marriage to work. In so doing, the will of the woman is completely lost making her feel lost.The moral issues that arise in this story are triumphal in loss, freedom in death and the evilness of marriage. Louise rejoices the loss of her husband. Divorced people are not welcome in society, and through the death of a spouse, people accept you. This shows the wrongness of society. It does not want anyone to be free from its standards. It is evil to rejoice in the death of a person but in this case, Louise celebrates her newfound freedom thus indirectly rejoicing in the death of her husband.

Othellos Flaw in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Othello Essays -- Paper

Othellos Flaw in Shakespeares The Tragedy of OthelloIn Shakespeare?s play Othello, Othello himself is the tragic hero. He is an man-to-man of high stature who is destroyed by his surroundings, his own actions, and his fate. His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the shells surrounding him. The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single person, but is rather the consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments, misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification revealed by the characters. Othello is prototypical shown as a hero of war and a man of great pride and courage. As the play continues, his character begins to deteriorate and become less noble. passim the play, Othello?s character changes from a flawless military leader, to a murderer. He has certain traits which make him seem naive and unsophisticated compared to many other people. Iago knows Othello is a proud man, Othello?s open and trusting nature in the be ginning of the play lets Iago, whom is cunning, untrustworthy, selfish, and plotting, use him as a scapegoat. Othello, the Moor, as many call him, is a strong character. He is very proud and in control of every move throughout the play. The control is not only of power but in any case of the sense of his being, who he is, a great warrior. In Act I, Othello has a fight with Brabantio, who has come to kill him, but before anything could happen, Othello said Hold your hands, some(prenominal) of you of my inclining and the rest. Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it without a prompter (I, ii, lines 97-100). The power shown here is quite surprising. The nature of Othellos character is of a dark man. not only because he is black, but also because he... ...hats a fable If that thou best a devil, I cannot kill thee? (V, II, Lines 333-334) He couldnt handle the anguish of knowing he had murdered in jealousy rather for justice. He carried out his sentence, by taking a knife and s tabbing himself. He then said I kissed thee ere I killed thee. No way but this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss (V, ii, line 413-414). Othello was jealous. He thought his wife was cheating on him and he thought he was killing for justice. He said that he loved not wisely but too well. It was not very smart of him to suppose another man about something he should know more about. This is why I think of Othello as a tragic hero in this play. His character was brought to light of a horrible situation by a deceitful devil named Iago.BibliographyShakespeare, William. Othello. Ed. Alfred Harbab. Middlesex, England Penguin, 1970.

The Sun Also Rises Report Essay -- essays research papers fc

Hemingways Hero Of the segments of American society scarred by the bruise of the First World War, the damage was most severe amongst the younger generation of that conviction. Youthful and impressionable, these people were immersed headlong into the furious medley of death and devastation. By the time the war had ended, many found that they could no longer accept what now seemed to be pretentious and contradictory moral standards of nations that could be capable of such atrocities. round were able to brush off the pain and confusion enough to get on with their lives. Others simply found themselves incapable of existing under their countrys thin fa fruit drink of virtuousness and went abroad, searching for some sense of identity or meaning. These self-exiled expatriates were popularly kn proclaim as the Lost Generation a term credited to Gertrude Stein, who once told Hemingway Thats what you all are. any you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation&8230 You h ave no respect for anything. You drink yourself to death.1 Many of these individuals tended to settle in Paris, a suitable conduit finished which to pursue their new lifestyle. Content to drift through life, desperately seeking some sort of personal redemption through various forms of indulgence, these people had abandoned their old value system and heroes, completely to find difficulty in finding new ones. A great direct of new literature was spawned in an effort to capture the attitudes and feelings of such individuals to reinvent a model of sorts for a people sorely lacking any fitting standard to follow. At the forefront of these writers was Ernest Hemingway, whose Novel, The Sun Also Rises, became just such a model, complete with Hemingways own definition of heroism. Many of the characters in the novel delineate the popular stereotype of the post WWI expatriate Parisian wanton and wild, with no real goals or ambitions. Mike Campbell, Robert Cohn, and Lady Brett Ashley, and even the protagonist Jake Barnes all instal some or all of the aforementioned qualities throughout the novel. All seem perfectly content to exist in their own oblivious microcosm, complete with their own unique set of moral values. While the qualities of these characters dominate, to an extent, the flow of the novel, it is important to acknowledge their contrast to Jake and the bullfighter, Pedro Romero. U... ...than an escape from the trappings of real life. Just like Belmonte onward him, Romero is eventually apprenticed to deteriorate, and to be faced with an outside world that has no room for chivalry (as Robert Cohn found out). While this happens, we can assume that Jake Barnes will continue as before confident and self-assured, with a clear understanding and acceptance of his limitations. Jake is Hemingways hero for a new age in which the old standards of chivalry and romanticism are sort of dead. Brett understands this partially, and demonstrates so by her inability to co mpletely fall out of love with him, but she is still driven on by a promise of something more. Something that she saw, if only fleetingly, in the young Pedro Romero. Something that only exists in legends, storybooks and bull-rings. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. Ed. Simon & Schuster Inc. New York. 1926. Author Unknown. The Kaplan Calander of Events. http//www1.kaplan.com/view/calendar/event/preview/1,270,715-3,00.html 1999. Monahan, Kerrin, Ross. Dramatica Storytelling Output fib . The Sun Also Rises. http//www.dramatica.com/dCritiques_folder/dAnalyses_folder/the_sun_also_rises.html 1998